SSC CGL Typing Test 66

The Fundamental Duties of citizens were added to the Constitution of India by the forty-second amendment in nineteen seventy-six, upon the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee. Originally ten in number, the fundamental duties were increased to eleven by the eighty-sixth amendment in two thousand two. These duties serve as a constant reminder to the citizens that while the constitution specifically conferred on them certain fundamental rights, it also requires them to observe certain basic norms of democratic conduct and democratic behavior. They act as a moral obligation on all citizens to help promote a spirit of patriotism and to uphold the unity of India. The duties include abiding by the constitution, respecting its ideals and institutions, the national flag, and the national anthem. Citizens must cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom. It is imperative to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India, and to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so. Furthermore, it is a duty to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and regional or sectional diversities. Practices derogatory to the dignity of women must be renounced. Valuing and preserving the rich heritage of our composite culture is another crucial duty. Protecting and improving the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and having compassion for living creatures is essential for ecological balance. Developing the scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform ensures societal progress. Safeguarding public property and abjuring violence is fundamental to maintaining peace. Striving towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity helps the nation constantly rise to higher levels of endeavor and achievement. Finally, a parent or guardian must provide opportunities for education to their child between the age of six and fourteen years. While these duties are not directly enforceable by law, they are vital for the successful functioning of a democracy and for building a responsible society.